PyQt5学习

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QApplication是整个应用，QWidget是不同窗口，他们在PyQt5.QtWidgets下

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import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QWidget

if __name__=='__main__':
    #创建应用
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    #创建窗口
    w=QWidget()
    #窗口尺寸
    w.resize(300,150)
    #窗口位置
    w.move(300,300)
    #窗口图标
    w.setWindowTitle('桌面应用')
    #显示
    w.show()
    #正常退出
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

将ui文件转换为py文件

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pyuic5 -o demo.py demo.ui

通过ui生成的py文件生成窗口

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import sys
import Ui_demo2
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow
if __name__=="__main__":
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow=QMainWindow()
    ui=Ui_demo2.Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)
    mainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

热键

在每个标签后使用格式如(&A)类的字符

主窗口类型

QMainWindow:包含菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏和标题栏

QWidget：是对话窗口的基类。无菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏

QDialog：不确定具体用途

获取窗口宽度和高度以及位置

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import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QHBoxLayout,QMainWindow,QApplication,QPushButton,QWidget
from matplotlib.widgets import Widget
def onClick_button():
    print("Onclick")
    #从窗口开始算
    print(widget.x())
    print(widget.y())#不包含标题栏的位置
    print(widget.width())
    print(widget.height())
    #从工作区开始算
    print(widget.geometry().x())
    print(widget.geometry().y())
    print(widget.geometry().width())
    print(widget.geometry().height())
	
app=QApplication(sys.argv)
widget=QWidget()
btn=QPushButton(widget)
btn.setText("按钮")
btn.clicked.connect(onClick_button)
btn.move(24,52)
widget.resize(300,240)#设置工作区的尺寸
widget.move(250,200)
widget.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

LineEdit校验器

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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIntValidator,QDoubleValidator,QRegExpValidator
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRegExp
import sys

class QLineEditValidator(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        formLayout=QFormLayout()
        self.setWindowTitle("校验器")
        intLineEdit=QLineEdit()
        doubleLineEdit=QLineEdit()
        validatorLineEdit=QLineEdit()
        formLayout.addRow('整数类型',intLineEdit)
        formLayout.addRow('浮点类型',doubleLineEdit)
        formLayout.addRow('正则表达式',validatorLineEdit)

        intLineEdit.setPlaceholderText("数字")
        doubleLineEdit.setPlaceholderText("浮点")
        validatorLineEdit.setPlaceholderText("字母数字")

        intvalidator=QIntValidator(self)
        intvalidator.setRange(1,99)

        doublevalidator=QDoubleValidator(self)
        doublevalidator.setRange(-360,360)
        doublevalidator.setNotation(QDoubleValidator.StandardNotation)
        doublevalidator.setDecimals(2)

        reg=QRegExp('[a-zA-Z0-9]+$')
        validator=QRegExpValidator(self)
        validator.setRegExp(reg)

        intLineEdit.setValidator(intvalidator)
        doubleLineEdit.setValidator(doublevalidator)
        validatorLineEdit.setValidator(validator)

        self.setLayout(formLayout)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main=QLineEditValidator()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

使用掩码限制输入

image-20220212094924849

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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
class QLineEditMask(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        formLayout=QFormLayout()
        self.setWindowTitle("掩码限制输入")

        ipLineEdit=QLineEdit()
        macLineEdit=QLineEdit()
        dateLineEdit=QLineEdit()
        licenceLineEdit=QLineEdit()

        ipLineEdit.setInputMask('000.000.000.000;_')
        macLineEdit.setInputMask('HH:HH:HH:HH:HH:HH;_')
        dateLineEdit.setInputMask('0000-00-00 00:00:00')
        licenceLineEdit.setInputMask('>AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA;#')

        formLayout.addRow('数字掩码',ipLineEdit)
        formLayout.addRow('Mac掩码',macLineEdit)
        formLayout.addRow('日期掩码',dateLineEdit)
        formLayout.addRow('许可证掩码',licenceLineEdit)

        self.setLayout(formLayout)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app= QApplication(sys.argv)
    main=QLineEditMask()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

image-20220212095938686

下拉选择控件(大字体)

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import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *


class ComBoxDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        layout=QVBoxLayout()
        self.label=QLabel("请选择编程语言")
        self.label.setFont(QFont('黑体', 100))
        self.label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.combox=QComboBox()
        self.combox.setFont(QFont('黑体',50))
        self.combox.addItem("C++")
        self.combox.addItem("Python")
        self.combox.addItems(["Java","C#","JavaScript"])
        self.combox.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.selectChange)
        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        layout.addWidget(self.combox)
        self.setLayout(layout)
    def selectChange(self,i):
        self.label.setText(self.combox.currentText())
        self.label.adjustSize()
        for count in range(self.combox.count()):
            print('items'+str(count)+'='+self.combox.itemText(count))
        print('current index',i)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = ComBoxDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

image-20220212175729721

滑动条控件

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import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *

class SliderDemo(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        
        layout=QVBoxLayout()
        self.label = QLabel('你好')
        self.label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.slider=QSlider(Qt.Horizontal)
        self.slider.setMinimum(12)
        self.slider.setMaximum(400)
        self.slider.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksBelow)
        self.slider.setTickInterval(6)
        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        layout.addWidget(self.slider)
        self.slider.valueChanged.connect(self.getvalue)
        self.setLayout(layout)
    def getvalue(self):
        self.label.setFont(QFont('黑体', self.slider.value()))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = SliderDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

image-20220212213448429

自定义信号槽

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from signal import signal
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
class MyTypeSignal(QObject):
    signal=pyqtSignal(str)
    signal2=pyqtSignal([int,str],[str])#信号重载，输入参数可以是一个整型一个字符串，也可是一个zheng'x
    def run(self):
        self.signal.emit("test")
    def run1(self):
        self.signal2.emit(1,'test')
class MySlot(QObject):
    def get(self,msg):
        print(msg)
    def get1(self,msg,msg2):
        print(msg)
        print(msg2)
if __name__=="__main__":
    signal=MyTypeSignal()
    slot=MySlot()
    signal.signal.connect(slot.get)
    signal.signal2.connect(slot.get1)
    signal.run()
    signal.run1()